Mangoes are tropical stone fruits (Mangifera indica) known as the “king of fruits”, originating over 4,000–5,000 years ago in India and Southeast Asia. They are the national fruit of India, Pakistan, and the Philippines, and belong to the cashew family. Rich in vitamins A and C, they are highly nutritious and grow in warm climates.
There are over 1,000 mango varieties globally, with popular types including the sweet, fibre-free Indian Alphonso (“King of Mangoes”), honey-sweet Ataulfo, aromatic Kesar, and fibrous, tangy Langra. Other notable types include Sindhri, Pairi, Kent, and Haden, which vary in flavour, size, and fibre content.
The botanical name for the common mango is Mangifera indica. It belongs to the family Anacardiaceae and the genus Mangifera, which consists of tropical trees native to South and Southeast Asia. Mangifera indica is known for its edible fruit and is considered the king of fruits.
Mangoes are known by different names, commonly categorised by region, taste, and texture. Major Indian names include Alphonso (Hapus), Kesar, Langra, Dashehari, Banganapalli (Safeda), Totapuri, and Himsagar. Other types include the sweet, fiberless Sinduri, tangy Raspuri, and creamy Mulgoa.
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