Winter pruning apple tree

Hi all,

(Located in Netherlands)

This is the second winter we've owned our garden. There are quite a few mature trees that we find very beautiful.

I think it's time for winter pruning, but I'm not sure where to start and don't want to damage the trees. The previous owner had a gardener / landscaper (?), but I feel like pruning is long overdue.

I've read/seen some things on YouTube about water suckers (which grow vertically), but I think these trees are a bit older and I don't want to remove anything that will take years to recover. I also like the idea of ​​being in control and want to start pruning. There was fruit on them last summer but it fell off before the apples were ripe.

I've attached some photos of the two apple trees.

Where would you start/approach? Would it be wise to prune this weekend? (It's not freezing, but it will be -1 to -2°C next week, and the wind chill / observed temperature will be steady around -4°C). Any tips are welcome!

Bonus questions:
– How do I know what kind of apple tree (and therefore apples) I have?
– Any idea what that plant (?) to the right of the upright shelf is?
– What are the tall plants?
– Same question as with the apple trees, but for a pear tree (last photo)

Thanks in advance!