Lewis M, Stock M, Black B, Drost D. Stock cut flower production in Utah (2022).
Hartmann, F. P., Decourteix, M. & Moulia, B. Curvature in plants. Curr. Biol. 34(20), R991–R996 (2024).
Google Scholar
Elshawa, M. R., Ibrahim, G. R. & Arafat, F. A. Effect of nano calcium, calcium chloride, and salicylic acid on bent neck in cut roses. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol. 98(2), 233–245 (2023).
Lehmann, L. S., Kampowski, T., Caliaro, M., Speck, T. & Speck, O. Drooping of Gerbera flower heads: mechanical and structural studies of a well-known phenomenon. Biol. Lett. 15(9), 20190254 (2019).
Google Scholar
Gómez-Merino, F. C., Ramírez-Martínez, M., Castillo-González, A. M. & Trejo-Téllez, L. I. Lanthanum prolongs vase life of cut tulip flowers by increasing water consumption and concentrations of sugars, proteins and chlorophylls. Sci. Rep. 10(1), 4209 (2020).
Google Scholar
Anderson, N. O. Gladiolus cut flower postharvest performance to direct breeding efforts. Technol. Hortic. 3(1), 21 (2023).
Soe, M. T., Naing, A. H., Kim, S. R. & Kim, C. K. Characterizing the effects of different chemicals on stem bending of cut snapdragon flower. Plant Methods 18(1), 4 (2022).
Google Scholar
Yang, Y. et al. Mitigation of gravitropic bending of snapdragon cut flowers through SNP treatment via ROS asymmetry elimination and auxin sensitivity reduction. Sci. Hortic. 313, 111890 (2023).
Google Scholar
Ho, U. H., Ri, J. H. & Ri, C. J. Identification of new stock [Matthiola incana (L.) R. Br] cultivars with high fertility through morphological and molecular markers. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. 69(8), 2719–2730 (2022).
Google Scholar
Habashi, T. G., Souri, M., Azadeghan, B. & Arab, M. Effect of biological and superphosphate fertilizers as granular and liquid forms on growth and development of two cultivars of Matthiola incana. J Sci Tech Greenh Cult. 6(24), 129–138 (2016).
Ali, H. K. et al. Efficacy of exogenously applied bio-stimulants on quality production of Matthiola incana L. Sarhad J. Agric. 38(4), 1392 (2022).
Majda, M. & Robert, S. The role of auxin in cell wall expansion. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 19(4), 951 (2018).
Google Scholar
Voytenko, L. & Kosakivska, I. Auxins as regulators of growth and development of cereal crops under abiotic stresses: A review. Adv. Biol. Earth. Sci. 10(1), 5–31 (2025).
Nakamura, M., Nishimura, T. & Morita, M. T. Bridging the gap between amyloplasts and directional auxin transport in plant gravitropism. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 52, 54–60 (2019).
Google Scholar
Jonsson, K., Ma, Y., Routier-Kierzkowska, A. L. & Bhalerao, R. P. Multiple mechanisms behind plant bending. Nat. Plants. 9(1), 13–21 (2023).
Google Scholar
Brulé, V., Rafsanjani, A., Pasini, D. & Western, T. L. Hierarchies of plant stiffness. Plant Sci. 250, 79–96 (2016).
Google Scholar
Piotrowska-Niczyporuk, A. & Bajguz, A. The effect of natural and synthetic auxins on the growth, metabolite content and antioxidant response of green alga Chlorella vulgaris Trebouxiophyceae. Plant Growth Regul. 73, 57–66 (2014).
Google Scholar
Aloni R, Aloni R. The hormonal signals that regulate plant vascular differentiation. Vasc Differ Plant Horm, pp. 55–96 (2021).
Didi V, Arnaud D, Pacinkova A, Jupa R, Cegan R, Melnikava A, et al. In: Cytokinins control secondary cell wall formation in the inflorescence stem of Arabidopsis bioRxiv:20232007, (2023).
Walker, C. H. et al. Cytokinin signaling regulates two-stage inflorescence arrest in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 191(1), 479–495 (2023).
Google Scholar
Jones, B. & Ljung, K. Auxin and cytokinin regulate each other’s levels via a metabolic feedback loop. Plant Signal Behav. 6(6), 901–904 (2011).
Google Scholar
Su, Y. H., Liu, Y. B. & Zhang, X. S. Auxin–cytokinin interaction regulates meristem development. Mol Plant. 4(4), 616–625 (2011).
Google Scholar
Avilez-Montalvo, J. R. et al. Auxin-cytokinin cross talk in somatic embryogenesis of Coffea canephora. Plants. 11(15), 2013 (2022).
Google Scholar
Mazzoni-Putman, S. M., Brumos, J., Zhao, C., Alonso, J. M. & Stepanova, A. N. Auxin interactions with other hormones in plant development. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect Biol. 13(10), a039990 (2021).
Google Scholar
Wang, C. et al. Exogenous spraying of IAA improved the efficiency of microspore embryogenesis in Wucai (Brassica campestris L.) by affecting the balance of endogenous hormones, energy metabolism, and cell wall degradation. BMC Genomics 24(1), 380 (2023).
Google Scholar
Jin, M., Liu, Y., Shi, B. & Yuan, H. Exogenous IAA improves the seedling growth of Syringa villosa via regulating the endogenous hormones and enhancing the photosynthesis. Sci. Hortic. 308, 111585 (2023).
Google Scholar
Levernier, N., Pouliquen, O. & Forterre, Y. An integrative model of plant gravitropism linking statoliths position and auxin transport. Front. Plant Sci. 12, 651928 (2021).
Google Scholar
Regmi, S. & Acharya, K. Effect of plant growth regulators in african marigold: A review. Nepal Hortic. 16(1), 7–14 (2022).
Arrom, L. & Munné-Bosch, S. Hormonal changes during flower development in floral tissues of Lilium. Planta 236(2), 343–354 (2012).
Google Scholar
Zhang, Y. et al. Effects of 6-benzylaminopurine combined with prohexadione-Ca on yield and quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv Hangbaiju. Agriculture 13(2), 444 (2023).
Google Scholar
Baskaran, V., Abirami, K. & Roy, S. D. Effect of plant growth regulators on yield and quality in gladiolus under Bay Island conditions. J. Hortic. Sci. 9(2), 213–216 (2014).
Irani, S. F. & Arab, M. Meiotic behaviour and morpho-phenological variation in cut stock (Matthiola incana L.) flower. Folia Hortic. 29(1), 51–61 (2017).
Schamberger, B. et al. Curvature in biological systems: Its quantification, emergence, and implications across the scales. Adv. Mater. 35(13), 2206110 (2023).
Google Scholar
Zhu, G., Li, G., Wang, D., Yuan, S. & Wang, F. Changes in the lodging-related traits along with rice genetic improvement in China. PLoS ONE 11(7), e0160104 (2016).
Google Scholar
Stubbs, C. J., Seegmiller, K., McMahan, C., Sekhon, R. S. & Robertson, D. J. Diverse maize hybrids are structurally inefficient at resisting wind induced bending forces that cause stalk lodging. Plant Methods 16(1), 67 (2020).
Google Scholar
Xiang, S., Liu, Y., Fang, F., Wu, N. & Sun, S. Stem architectural effect on leaf size, leaf number, and leaf mass fraction in plant twigs of woody species. Int. J. Plant Sci. 170, 999 (2009).
Lauri, P. É. Corner’s rules as a framework for plant morphology, architecture and functioning–issues and steps forward. New Phytol. 221(4), 1679–1684 (2019).
Google Scholar
Leblicq, T., Vanmaercke, S., Ramon, H. & Saeys, W. Mechanical analysis of the bending behaviour of plant stems. Biosyst Eng. 129, 87–99 (2015).
Muvdi, B. B. & McNabb, J. W. Engineering mechanics of materials (Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin, 2012).
Owens A, Cieslak M, Hart J, Classen-Bockhoff R, Prusinkiewicz P. Modeling dense inflorescences (2016).
Guo, Z. et al. Manipulation and prediction of spike morphology traits for the improvement of grain yield in wheat. Sci Rep. 8(1), 1–10 (2018).
Mladenović, E. et al. Effect of plant density on stem and flower quality of single-stem ornamental sunflower genotypes. Hortic. Sci. 47(1), 45–52 (2020).
Zhao, Y. Auxin biosynthesis and its role in plant development. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 61(1), 49–64 (2010).
Google Scholar
Soliman AS. Plant Growth Hormones. In: Cell Growth IntechOpen (2019).
Cosgrove, D. J. & Jarvis, M. C. Comparative structure and biomechanics of plant primary and secondary cell walls. Front. Plant Sci. 3, 204 (2012).
Google Scholar
Kurepa, J. & Smalle, J. A. Auxin/cytokinin antagonistic control of the shoot/root growth ratio and its relevance for adaptation to drought and nutrient deficiency stresses. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23(4), 1933 (2022).
Google Scholar
Sosnowski, J., Truba, M. & Vasileva, V. The impact of auxin and cytokinin on the growth and development of selected crops. Agriculture 13(3), 724 (2023).
Google Scholar
Stubbs CJ, Baban NS, Robertson DJ, Alzube L, Cook DD. Bending stress in plant stems: models and assumptions. In: Plant Biomechanics: From Structure to Function at Multiple Scales. Springer; p. 49–77 (2018).
Shah, D. U., Reynolds, T. P. & Ramage, M. H. The strength of plants: theory and experimental methods to measure the mechanical properties of stems. J. Exp. Bot. 68(16), 4497–4516 (2017).
Google Scholar
Niklas, K. J., Spatz, H. C. & Vincent, J. Plant biomechanics: An overview and prospectus. Am. J. Bot. 93(10), 1369–1378 (2006).
Google Scholar
Speck, T. & Burgert, I. Plant stems: functional design and mechanics. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 41(1), 169–193 (2011).
Google Scholar
Al-Ajlouni, M. G., Othman, Y. A., Tala, S. & Ayad, J. Y. Lilium morphology, physiology, anatomy and postharvest flower quality in response to plant growth regulators. South Afr. J. Bot. 156, 43–53 (2023).
Google Scholar
Wu, P. H. & Chang, D. C. Cytokinin treatment and flower quality in Phalaenopsis orchids: Comparing N-6-benzyladenine, kinetin and 2-isopentenyl adenine. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 11(7), 1592–1596 (2012).
Google Scholar
Liu, Z., Fadiji, T., Yang, J., Li, Z. & Tchuenbou-Magaia, F. Impact of mechanical stimulation on the life cycle of horticultural plant. Hortic. Plant J. 9(3), 381–394 (2023).
Kumar, V., Kumar, V., Umrao, V. & Singh, M. Effect of GA3 and IAA on growth and flowering of carnation. HortFlora Res. Spectr. 1(1), 69–72 (2012).
Google Scholar
Saniewski, M., Wegrzynowicz-Lesiak, E., Góraj-Koniarska, J. & Gabryszewska, E. Effect of benzyladenine (BA) on auxin-induced stem elongation and thickening in tulip Tulipa gesneriana L.. Acta Agrobot. 69, 1650 (2016).
Esmaeili, S., Rohi, V., Shiran, B. & MohamadKhani, A. Effects of calcium chloride, gibberellin and benzyladenin on quantitative and qualitative characteristics and flower longevity of Zinnia (Zinnia elegans). J. J Hortic Sci. 27(4), 444–452 (2014).
Di Benedetto, A., Galmarini, C. & Tognetti, J. Effects of combined or single exogenous auxin and/or cytokinin applications on growth and leaf area development in Epipremnum aureum. J. Hortic Sci. Biotechnol. 90(6), 643–654 (2015).
Sweety R, Singh UC, Ichancha M. Efficacy of foliar spray of IAA, GA3 and daminozide on growth and flowering of gladiolus (2019).
Liese W, Kohl M. Bamboo. Plant Its Uses Switz (2015).
Gangwar, T. et al. Multi-scale modelling predicts plant stem bending behaviour in response to wind to inform lodging resistance. R. Soc. Open Sci. 10(1), 221410 (2023).
Google Scholar
Bogahawatta A, Kumara K. Application of cytokinin and gibberllic acid to regulate flower quality in Dendrobium Orchid. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Agriculture and Forestry. 2017. p. 1–5.
Tejeda-Sartorius, O., Vaquera-Huerta, H., Trejo-Téllez, L. I., Soto-Hernández, R. M. & Sánchez-Escudero, J. Gibberellic acid and 6-benzyladenine reduce time to flowering and improve flower quality of Laelia anceps. Folia Hortic. 33(1), 121–133 (2021).
Stubbs, C. J., Oduntan, Y. A., Keep, T. R., Noble, S. D. & Robertson, D. J. The effect of plant weight on estimations of stalk lodging resistance. Plant Methods 16, 1–18 (2020).
Yamaguchi, N. & Komeda, Y. The role of CORYMBOSA1/BIG and auxin in the growth of Arabidopsis pedicel and internode. Plant Sci. 209, 64–74 (2013).
Google Scholar
Bairwa, S. & Mishra, J. S. Effect of NAA, BA and kinetin on yield of african marigold Tagetes erecta Linn. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 6, 1236 (2017).
Google Scholar

Comments are closed.