Onion Morphology
The morphology of an onion includes its leaves, stem, and bulb:
Leaves
The leaves of an onion are fleshy, hollow, and cylindrical, with one flattened side. They are yellowish- to bluish green in color and grow in a flattened, fan-shaped swathe. The leaves have a sheath at the bottom that attaches around the stem at a node, and a blade that comes off the top of the sheath.
Stem
The stem of an onion is a flattened disc at the base. The growing point for new leaves is in the top center of the stem, surrounded by older leaves.
Bulb
The concentric leaf bases of the developing plant swell to form the underground edible bulb. The bulbs can vary in size, shape, color, and pungency.
Flower stalks
The common onion has one or more leafless flower stalks that reach a height of 75–180 cm (2.5–6 feet). The flower stalks terminate in a spherical cluster of small greenish white flowers.
Vegetative axis
The onion vegetative axis is a rosette shoot with a short, squat stem. The vegetative stem is heart shaped in longitudinal section.
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